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solidity | python 如何和合约互动

发表于 更新于 分类于 ， ， ， ， ， Valine：

虽然我很早就知道了，但是，有的时候长达好几个月不写合约，再写的话，有些细节总是忘记，然后还得进行测试，所以，有了这篇文章。

对所有细节做一个巩固。

相关的案例选择的是

前期知识

这里面主要是执行两个

  • 查询余额
  • mint

ABI 可以简写如

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erc1155_abi = """
    [{
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [{"name": "who", "type": "address"},{"name":"id","type":"uint256"}],
        "name": "balanceOf",
        "outputs": [{"name": "", "type": "uint256"}],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    }]
"""

无验证互动

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from web3 import Web3

abi = """[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"name_","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"symbol_","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"string","name":"msg","type":"string"}],"name":"mathError","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"burn","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"mint","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint8","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]"""

w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("https://bsc.getblock.io/testnet/?api_key=5deb2510-62f9-40a9-b0e0-0039f9025ded"))

address = "0xeDD891059D0d87bE783C5914DBB8E80f273B7918"
contract = "0xd1693560A107B2E12F32e925FDe1867EC38FA3c6"

contract_ = w3.eth.contract(
    address=Web3.toChecksumAddress(contract), abi=abi)

amount = contract_.functions.balanceOf(Web3.toChecksumAddress(address)).call()

print(amount)

有验证互动

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from web3 import Web3

abi = """[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"name_","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"symbol_","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"string","name":"msg","type":"string"}],"name":"mathError","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Approval","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"spender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"approve","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"burn","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"mint","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"sender","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"allowance","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"name":"balanceOf","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"decimals","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint8","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"name","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"totalSupply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]"""

w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("https://bsc.getblock.io/testnet/?api_key=***"))

address = "0xD1B260aba3bA6f3D3099725b1b1C7cdD12581974"
contract = "0xd1693560A107B2E12F32e925FDe1867EC38FA3c6"
private = "***"

contract_ = w3.eth.contract(
    address=Web3.toChecksumAddress(contract), abi=abi)


def encode_mint():
    tx_dic = contract_.functions.mint(100). \
        buildTransaction(
        {
            'gas': 500000,
        }
    )
    return tx_dic


def send_transaction(tx_dic):
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(address)
    tx_dic["nonce"] = nonce
    tx_dic['gasPrice'] = w3.eth.gasPrice
    sign_tx = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(tx_dic, private_key=private)
    txn_hash = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(sign_tx.rawTransaction)
    return Web3.toHex(txn_hash)


def get_wait_receipt(tx):
    data = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx)
    return data


if __name__ == '__main__':
    tx_dic = encode_mint()
    tx = send_transaction(tx_dic)
    data = get_wait_receipt(tx)
    print(data)

但是，你也可以通过 HTTP 进行交互。

不知道 ABI 的交互，有验证

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def safe_transferFrom(address):
    fromAddress = Web3.toChecksumAddress(address)
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(fromAddress)
    transaction = {
        'from': fromAddress,
        'to': contract,
        'gas': 241838,
        'gasPrice': w3.toWei('2.5', 'gwei'),
        'nonce': nonce,
        'data': "f242432a000000000000000000000000" + "A26Dd9C8963a4D8940a88f01f0bF7E4d0E471aE5" + "000000000000000000000000" + "d7b95db09d7d9dac7ca86487fc2c7a570250bf20" + "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        'chainId': 84531
    }
    signed_tx = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(transaction, private)
    txn_hash = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
    print(f"nonce: {nonce}")
    return Web3.toHex(txn_hash)

上面的例子来自于

其对应的方法是

写一个和合约交互，然后转账。

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import time

from web3 import Web3

w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("https://bsc-mainnet.nodereal.io/v1/***"))


def send_bnb(last_address, last_private, address):
    # 转账
    balance = w3.eth.get_balance(last_address)
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(last_address)
    gas = w3.eth.estimateGas({'from': last_address, 'to': address, 'value': balance})
    value = balance - gas * w3.toWei('3.1', 'gwei')
    transaction = {'from': last_address,
                   'to': address,
                   'nonce': nonce,
                   'gasPrice': w3.toWei('3', 'gwei'),
                   'gas': gas,
                   'value': value,
                   'data': ''}

    signed_tx = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(transaction, last_private)
    txn_hash = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
    print(f"\t\t{last_address} 向 {address} 转移 BNB {value} tx 为 {Web3.toHex(txn_hash)}")
    # 查询是否到账
    while 1:

        balance = w3.eth.get_balance(address)

        if balance > 0:
            print(f"\t\t转移成功")
            break

        time.sleep(2)


def get_account():
    account = w3.eth.account.create()
    print(f"\t生成新地址: {account.address} 私钥: {account.key.hex()}")
    return account.address, account.key.hex()


def safe_transferFrom(key, secret, contract):
    fromAddress = Web3.toChecksumAddress(key)
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(fromAddress)
    transaction = {
        'from': fromAddress,
        'to': Web3.toChecksumAddress(contract),
        'gas': 241838,
        'gasPrice': w3.toWei('3', 'gwei'),
        'nonce': nonce,
        'data': "1249c58b",
    }
    signed_tx = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(transaction, secret)
    txn_hash = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
    print(f"地址: {key} 私钥: {secret} 相关的 tx 为 {Web3.toHex(txn_hash)}")


if __name__ == '__main__':

    last_address = ""
    last_private = ""
    contract = "0x02eE204dED463755FEa1774862881bA8b2Ce66a7"

    while 1:
        safe_transferFrom(last_address, last_private, contract)
        time.sleep(10)
        address, private = get_account()
        send_bnb(last_address, last_private, address)
        last_address = address
        last_private = private
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